*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* set font for entire body */
body {
  font-family: Avenir, sans-serif;
  margin: 0;
  /* Highlight selections with very light grey */
  ::selection {
    background: var(--light-grey);
  }
}

.skip_link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -999px;
  left: -999px;
  padding: 0.75em 1.25em;
  background: var(--dark-grey);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  z-index: 2000;
}

.skip_link:focus {
  top: 1.2em;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

img,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

/* define color variables */
:root {
  --light-grey: #d9d9d9;
  --medium-grey: #727272;
  --dark-grey: #282828;
  --harvard: #a51c30;
  --hopkins: #002d72;
  --coep: #562f86;
  --hamr: #3b5f9f;
  --neuro: #562f86;
  --robotics: #002d72;
  --ai: #a51c31;
  --award: #b08700;
  --award-background: rgba(176, 135, 0, 0.2);
}

p {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 36px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

h2 {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.harvard {
  color: var(--harvard) !important;
}

.hopkins {
  color: var(--hopkins) !important;
}

.coep {
  color: var(--coep) !important;
}

.hamr {
  color: var(--hamr) !important;
}

.ndseg {
  color: var(--ndseg) !important;
}

.link {
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

.underline {
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

.no_decoration {
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.nav_link {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.cv {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.spacer_sm {
  margin: 1em 0;
}

.spacer_med {
  margin: 4em 0;
}

.footer_hr {
  width: 100%;
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
  margin: 20px 0;
}

.name_big {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.1em;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.section_header {
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.name_main {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 7vw, 3.125rem);
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.news_heading-tag {
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--harvard);
}

.news_heading-flash {
  animation: news-heading-flash 0.4s ease;
}

@keyframes news-heading-flash {
  0% {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
  30% {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    opacity: 0.85;
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.name_sub {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 5vw, 1.875rem);
  text-align: center;
  color: gray;
}

.publications {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2.5em;
  margin: 3em 0 4em;
}

.publications > .section_header {
  text-align: left;
  font-size: 26px;
  margin: 0;
}

.publication {
  display: flex;
  gap: 2em;
  /* padding: 2em; */
}

.publication-appear {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(12px);
}

.publication-appear.publication-appear--visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition: opacity 0.35s ease, transform 0.35s ease;
}

.publication_media {
  flex: 0 0 220px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
}

.publication_media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.publication_media video {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.publication_details {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.7em;
}

.publication_title {
  font-size: 18px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_authors,
.publication_journal {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

.publication_awards {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5em;
}

.publication_award_badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.4em 0.75em;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--award-background);
  color: var(--award);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  text-transform: capitalize;
}

.publication_links {
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75em;
  font-size: 18px;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35em;
  font-size: inherit;
  color: var(--harvard) !important;
}

.publication_links i[class^="iconoir-"],
.publication_links i[class*=" iconoir-"] {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-left: 0.35em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.publication_links i[class^="iconoir-"]::before,
.publication_links i[class*=" iconoir-"]::before {
  display: block;
  width: 1.4em;
  height: 1.4em;
}

.publication_journal em {
  font-style: normal;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_toggle_row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75em;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.publication_toggle_btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35em;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  font: inherit;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
  text-decoration: none;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.publication_toggle_btn i {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.publication_toggle_btn.is-open {
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_toggle_text {
  line-height: 1;
}

.publication_tags {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4em;
}

.publication_tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.25em 0.65em;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  /* border: 1px solid transparent; */
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_tag-theme {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.publication_tag-theme-neuro {
  border-color: var(--neuro);
  color: var(--neuro);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--neuro) 18%, transparent);
}

.publication_tag-theme-robotics {
  border-color: var(--robotics);
  color: var(--robotics);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--robotics) 18%, transparent);
}

.publication_tag-theme-ai {
  border-color: var(--ai);
  color: var(--ai);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ai) 18%, transparent);
}

.publication_filters {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1em 1.5em;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 3em 0 1em;
}

.filter_group {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75em;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter_group_label {
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

.filter_group_chips {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5em;
}

.filter_chip {
  font-family: inherit;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35em;
  padding: 0.3em 0.85em;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-grey);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

.filter_chip.is-active {
  background: rgba(92, 92, 92, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  /* border-color: var(--harvard); */
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.filter_chip-theme-neuro.is-active {
  background: rgba(86, 47, 134, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  /* border-color: var(--neuro); */
  color: var(--neuro);
}

.filter_chip-theme-robotics.is-active {
  background: rgba(0, 45, 114, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  /* border-color: var(--robotics); */
  color: var(--robotics);
}

.filter_chip-theme-ai.is-active {
  background: rgba(165, 28, 49, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  /* border-color: var(--ai); */
  color: var(--ai);
}

.publication_description {
  overflow: hidden;
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: max-height 0.35s ease, opacity 0.25s ease;
  margin: 0;
}

.publication_description.is-open {
  opacity: 1;
  margin-top: 0.6em;
}

.publication_description p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .content {
    width: min(600px, 92vw);
    margin-top: 7.5em;
    padding: 0 1.25rem 3rem;
  }

  .publication_filters {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .filter_group {
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .about {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    margin: 3em 0 0;
    gap: 2.5em;
  }

  .about_text {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .about_contact {
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  .about_photo {
    max-width: 12em;
  }

  .address {
    text-align: center;
  }

  .social_links {
    align-items: center;
  }

  .publication {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .publication_media {
    flex: none;
  }

  .navbar {
    gap: 1.25em;
    padding: 0.75em 1.8em;
    max-width: calc(100% - 2em);
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }
}

.typing {
  display: inline-block;
  border-right: 2px solid currentColor;
  padding-right: 6px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  animation: caret-blink 0.8s steps(1) infinite;
}

@keyframes caret-blink {
  0%,
  50% {
    border-right-color: currentColor;
  }
  50.01%,
  100% {
    border-right-color: transparent;
  }
}

.navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 1.5em;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 2.5em;
  font-size: 18px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  padding: 0.85em 2.8em;
  border-radius: 999px;
  max-width: calc(100% - 4em);
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  white-space: nowrap;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.footer {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 14px;
  margin: 2em auto;
}

.footer p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

/* Layout container: keep content centered with responsive width */
.content {
  width: min(960px, 90vw);
  max-width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  margin: 8em auto 0em;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

.about {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 3em;
  font-size: 18px;
  text-align: left;
  margin: 4em auto auto auto;
}

.about_text {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 0;
}

.about_text p {
  margin: 0;
}

.about_contact {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5em;
  width: 16em;
  text-align: center;
}

.about_photo {
  width: 100%;
}

.address {
  display: block;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.social_links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  gap: 0.1em;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
}

.footer .social_links {
  margin-bottom: 1em;
}

.contact_link {
  display: inline-flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.contact_link i {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.research_venn {
  display: flex;
  gap: 3em;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin: 4em 0;
}

.venn-wrapper {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75em;
  position: relative;
}

.venn-diagram {
  position: relative;
  width: 420px;
  height: 440px;
  margin-left: 20px;
}

.circle {
  --cx: 50%;
  --cy: 50%;
  --label-tx: 0;
  --label-ty: 0;
  position: absolute;
  width: 250px;
  height: 250px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  top: var(--cy);
  left: var(--cx);
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.circle span {
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  max-width: 80%;
  display: inline-block;
  transform: translate(var(--label-tx), var(--label-ty));
}

.circle-left {
  --cx: 110px;
  --cy: 120px;
  --label-tx: -25px;
  --label-ty: -25px;
  background: rgba(86, 47, 134, 0.35);
}

.circle-right {
  --cx: 310px;
  --cy: 120px;
  --label-tx: 25px;
  --label-ty: -25px;
  background: rgba(0, 45, 114, 0.35);
}

.circle-bottom {
  --cx: 210px;
  --cy: 293.2px;
  --label-ty: 25px;
  background: rgba(165, 28, 48, 0.35);
}

.circle-left:hover {
  background: rgba(86, 47, 134, 0.6);
}

.circle-right:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 45, 114, 0.6);
}

.circle-bottom:hover {
  background: rgba(165, 28, 48, 0.6);
}

.circle:hover,
.circle:focus {
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.03);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  outline: none;
}

.venn-description {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  max-width: 420px;
  height: 400px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
  transition: background 0.25s ease;
}

#venn-description-title {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.venn-description h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.75em;
}

.venn-description p {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .research_venn {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .venn-diagram {
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .venn-description {
    max-width: none;
    text-align: left;
  }
}

.research {
  width: 100%;
}

.research h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

.venn-description h2 {
  text-align: left;
}

.caption {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 16px;
  margin: 0;
}

.caption--venn {
  font-size: 15px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.venn-description p {
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

.venn-description p {
  margin-top: 0.5em;
}

.research h2 + p {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}

.venn-description p + p {
  margin-top: 1em;
}

.research h2 + p {
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.research p + h2 {
  margin-top: 3em;
}

.research h2 {
  color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.research p {
  color: var(--medium-grey);
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .content {
    width: 100%;
    margin-top: 6.75em;
    padding: 0 1rem 2.5rem;
  }

  .navbar {
    gap: 1em;
    padding: 0.6em 1.6em;
    font-size: 16px;
    max-width: calc(100% - 1.5em);
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }

  .about {
    gap: 2em;
  }

  .social_links {
    gap: 0.65em;
  }

  .publications {
    gap: 2em;
  }

  .publication_links {
    gap: 0.5em;
  }

  .news_timeline {
    margin-top: 3em;
    --news-sticky-top: 7em;
  }

  .news_body {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .caption--venn {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .venn-diagram {
    width: 300px;
    height: 320px;
  }

  .circle span {
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .circle {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
  }

  .circle-left {
    --cx: 80px;
    --cy: 100px;
    --label-tx: -25px;
    --label-ty: -25px;
  }

  .circle-right {
    --cx: 220px;
    --cy: 100px;
    --label-tx: 25px;
    --label-ty: -25px;
  }

  .circle-bottom {
    --cx: 150px;
    --cy: 220px;
    --label-ty: 25px;
  }

  /* .circle-left {
  --cx: 110px;
  --cy: 120px;
  --label-tx: -30px;
  --label-ty: -30px;
  background: rgba(86, 47, 134, 0.35);
}

.circle-right {
  --cx: 310px;
  --cy: 120px;
  background: rgba(0, 45, 114, 0.35);
}

.circle-bottom {
  --cx: 210px;
  --cy: 293.2px;
  background: rgba(165, 28, 48, 0.35);
} */
}

@media (max-width: 400px) {
  .navbar {
    gap: 0.65em;
    padding: 0.55em 1.35em;
    font-size: 15px;
    max-width: calc(100% - 0.8em);
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
  }

  .contact_link {
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
  }

  .contact_link i {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
  }

  .venn-diagram {
    width: 260px;
    height: 300px;
  }

  .circle {
    width: 180px;
    height: 180px;
  }

  .circle-left {
    --cx: 75px;
    --cy: 95px;
  }

  .circle-right {
    --cx: 185px;
    --cy: 95px;
  }

  .circle-bottom {
    --cx: 130px;
    --cy: 200px;
  }
}

.research h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0.25em;
}

.research p {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.news_timeline {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 4em 0 6em;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.5em;
  --news-sticky-top: 8em;
}

.news_filters {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75em 1em;
  margin: 3em 0 1em;
}

.news_filter_btn {
  font-family: inherit;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35em;
  padding: 0.35em 1.1em;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid var(--light-grey);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

.news_filter_btn i {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.news_filter_btn span {
  line-height: 1;
}

.news_filter_btn:hover,
.news_filter_btn:focus {
  color: var(--harvard);
  border-color: var(--harvard);
}

.news_filter_btn.is-active {
  background: rgba(165, 28, 48, 0.12);
  border-color: var(--harvard);
  color: var(--harvard);
}

.news_timeline_headers {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(60px, 70px) minmax(70px, 90px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.2em;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--medium-grey);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.news_rows {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  gap: 2em;
}

.news_year_group {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(60px, 70px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.25em;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.news_year {
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--news-sticky-top, 8em);
  align-self: flex-start;
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  min-height: 1.2em;
}

.news_year_entries {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5em;
}

.news_entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(70px, 90px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.2em;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.news_entry_heading {
  display: none;
}

.news_month {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--harvard);
  position: sticky;
  top: var(--news-sticky-top, 8em);
  align-self: flex-start;
}

.news_body {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--dark-grey);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5em;
  margin-bottom: 3em;
}

.news_body iframe {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 504 / 627;
  height: auto;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.news_media {
  margin-top: 0.35em;
}

.news_headline {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.news_text {
  margin: 0;
}

.news_media img,
.news_media video {
  width: 100%;
  /* max-height: 260px; */
  /* border-radius: 14px; */
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .news_timeline_headers {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(70px, 1fr));
    gap: 0.75em;
  }

  .news_timeline {
    --news-sticky-top: 7.5em;
  }

  .news_year_group {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1em;
  }

  .news_year_entries {
    gap: 1em;
  }

  .news_entry {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.75em;
  }

  .news_month {
    position: static;
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  .news_body {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .news_body iframe {
    min-height: 340px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .news_year {
    display: none;
  }

  .news_entry {
    gap: 0.5em;
  }

  .news_entry_heading {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 0.5em;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--dark-grey);
  }

  .news_entry_heading .news_month {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--harvard);
  }

  .news_entry_heading .news_year_label {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--dark-grey);
  }

  .news_entry > .news_month {
    display: none;
  }

  .news_body {
    margin-bottom: 2em;
  }

  .news_body iframe {
    min-height: 280px;
    border-radius: 10px;
  }
}